The Black Western is any Western that puts the African American experience at its forefront. One of the more common experiences for those of African American heritage during the "Old West" would be the recently freed slave. Many Westerns take place soon after the American Civil War, so this would also be after the abolishment of slavery in the United States. This newfound liberty, along with a tortured past, makes for a compelling protagonist. They must beat the odds against constant oppression while living in a desolate setting that has little, or no, rule of law. These narratives are almost always led by someone of African or African/American heritage. The protagonist could be any number of stock characters (i.e., sheriff, outlaw, bounty hunter, cowboy, farmer, settler, etc.).
Bill Pickett, famed 101 Ranch Wild West Show performer, and Anita Bush, a popular and important figure in American theater, both appeared in two silent Westerns produced by Norman Studios: The Bull-Dogger and The Crimson Skull. The studio mainly produced "race films" that starred and were produced for African American audiences. Unfortunately, both films are now considered entirely lost, except for a small portion of The Bull-Dogger. Pickett is most remembered for his popularization of what he called "bull-dogging." Today, the technique is more commonly known as steer wrestling. In 1915, Bush founded the Anita Bush Stock Company. After the company's rights were bought by the Lafayette Theatre, the group's name was changed to the Lafayette Players. In 1920, she left the company to work for Norman Studios.
Herb Jeffries stars in Harlem on the Prairie as singing cowboy Jeff Kincaid. This will be the first of a series of Westerns featuring his singing cowboy character. In Jeffries' next film, The Two-Gun Man from Harlem, his character is renamed to Bob Blake, for there had been a change in producers that caused Jeffries to lose the rights to his Kincaid character. Jeffries had started his career as a singer, and it was during this time when he first conceived of a Western for African-American audiences. While touring with the Earl Hines Orchestra, he observed how an African-American boy had been excluded by his white friends because they had never heard of a black cowboy. Along with this, he bore witness to the large number of segregated theaters playing Westerns with predominantly white casts and wanted to tap into this market of a considerable size.
Sidney Poitier stars in his directorial debut alongside Harry Belafonte. Along with being renowned for their artistic abilities, Poitier and Belafonte are remembered for their civil rights activism. This film is notable as being one of the few Black Westerns that includes a cast that is predominantly African-American, as opposed to most that only included one or two as central characters. The film is very straightforward in its statement on race. Indigenous Peoples in the narrative are allies and the antagonists are Caucasian. The gang of white marauders are determined to rob the African-American settlers of their wealth, possessions, and land by preventing their passage West. This can be seen as an allusion to the struggle minorities faced before, during, and still after the civil rights movement throughout the mid-twentieth century.